Vehicle headlight control system



W E DOLE, JR

VEHICLE HEADLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Filed Nov. 50, 1949 May 9, 1950 Paentec] May 9, 1950 UNITED sTA'rEs PAT Em .2507,436

VEHICLE HEADLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM William E. Dale, Jr., oak niu, ohm, assigmr of' one-fourth to David Delaney, one-.fourth to Roscoe Kearn, and one-fourth to Moffat Ed*- wards, Oak Hill, Ohic Application November 30, 1949,. Serial No.` 130,162

My inventionrelates to a vehicle headlight .control system. It has to do, more particularly, withianelectrical control system which functions automatically to control the headlights of a vehicleA fequipped' with .such system, such asV an automobile or truck, in accordance with the .'brightnessfof the lights of an approaching vehicle. Various types of .electrical systems have been provided in .the prior art for controlling the headliights of a carin accorda-nce with the condition of' thezheadlights Aof an oncoming car. One disvadvantage of prior art systems is that they have not been provided with .eifective looking means whichtends 'to keep the lights dimmed after they have once been automatically dimmed. When a car with bright lights approaches a car equipped with a. prior art `automatic :dimmer system, which 'does'not lock, the lights of the latter willdim. The driver of the Vapproaching carwill usually 'their' dim the lights of his car but they will be .too far away from the other car to vcause the automatic dimmer system. thereof to hold its lights ldim 'and after the lights thereof are returned to 'bright by the automatic system, the driver of the approaching car will no doubt returnl his lights' to bright. The automatic dimmei' system oflth'e other car will again function to dim the 'lghts thereof with the driver of the approachin'g'car probablyfollowing suit. This cycle would vusually bezrepeatecl several times before the two Vapproaching cars finally pass. Need-less to-say, this isvery. objectionable. One prior art p'atentee has attempted to overcome this objectionable featureV and has provided means for obtaining looking.,` only tox-bezconfronted with the problem .of automatically unlocking, which hefailed to solve-under all conditions.

.Another defect of prior art devices'i's that they do. not provide means for preventing the system fzromzfunctioning to dim the lights when subiectedto'relatively'weak light, for shortperiods, such as that refiected from road signs and the `Vbacks of cars when a car, equipped with the dimmer system, is passing. in the same direction.

Lack ofsuch means is especially objectiona'ole in vdim the lights and hold them dimmed. I'n other words, .the prior art systems are so Sensitive that the small 'amount -of -daylight present at dusk or dawn would interfere with .normalfunctioning' of the controlsystem.:V

Obvously, it would be des'irable-to provide in a headlight control .system of the general type indicated, means whereby the distance at which such system will function to. dimthe lights will be reasonably uniform, regardless of whether the lights of the approachlng car are on bright or on dim. Prior art systems have not been provided with suchv means. i

It hasbeen proposed in the past to provide a headlightcontrol system of the general type 'indicated operated by apliotoelectric cell which is connectedto an. amplify'ing circuit including vacuum tubes.v No provi'siom however, has been made for limitng the plate current through the amplifier so that damage would not result in the tube or tubesin. the possible event that the photoelectric vcell was subjectedflto a very .stronglig'ht such as .sunlight, while the 'Ights of the. car and hence the amplifier might be turned' on .in the daytirxie.v While it. .s true "that an ampliying tube or tubes couldibezn'sed' which would handle this .heavylplate current; itis also true that such a tube. wouldnot b"e nearily wasv efiicient' asA one which normally functlond' ati or near its .maximum or rateclv capacity.

It is important that such Aa controlv system .be simple so as to .keep low the Iinitial cost and iiistallationaiid that it lie li'ililyl effiit operation because of the liiiltd power' available from the automobile electrical system foi' the operation of sucha contrls'y's'fem. vItlis des/rable that the system be so designed that the usual manual control swithb availablet di'i theflights ad that the automatic control system, at that time, be disconnected .so that when. drvingf'j with lights on dim for' long per'iod's of time, such as-in' large cities,.no current will be coiisuiried vby the" automatic control system' andbatte'rpowerwill'be coserv'edl Also, itlls. deslfale to lhaveV the c'- trol-'system so des'i'edthat 'in case of failur'e o'f the system, fll controlis.automatically returned to the usualv manual or foot-operated' dimining switch. Also, it is desiraible that the 'system be so designed that in no case can the Iigl'lts of a car equipped with s'u'ch system be 'kep't on b'right it another car is appr'oaclilngwith dm lights. Pr'ior art control systems' have not' p'ssessed these de'- sirable characteristics.

One of the objects of my: invention is tov provide a simple automatic control system .for the .headlights of a car or other vehicle which will function eifectively to control automatically the headlights of the car equipped with such system in accordance with the brightness of the lights of an approaching vehicle.

Another object of my invention is to provide such a system which is electrically operated from the electricalsystem of;v the car but which functions so efficiently as t`o`^^use a minimum amount of current from the limited available power of such electrical system of the car.

A further object of my invention is to provide an automatic headlight control system of the type indicated which is 'so designed that the usual manual or foot-operated dimmer switch can be used for dimming the headlights and when in dimming condition will render the automatic system inoperative in which-'- condition it will not consume any current from the electrical power system of the car. 'An additional object' of my invention is to provide such an automatio' control system which is so designedl that incase of failure of it at any time, complete control of the headlights is returned automatically to the manual or footoperated switches. ,I

vA further object of my invention is to provide an automatic headlight control system which is provided with effective locking means which keeps the lights of the car, 'equipped with such matically dimmed by the lights of an oncoming car until the two cars pass, unless the lights of the approaching carware ,kept on bright, when `the system willy unlock landl permit the lights to return v H forth from bright to dim as' av signalling means lto the oncoming driver, .depending upon theset- ,ting of the system; I Another object of v my invention is to provide an automatic headlight ,control system of the type indicated above which is so designed that it is 'more sensitive to moderately quick increase in vlightrthan slow incre'ases and, consequently, the lights of an approaching car, whether bright or dim, will cause it 4to function at a reasonably unisystern, dimmed after they have once been autor to brightcondition'orwill change back and form distance becauseif' they' are'onbright, there Will be a gradual iI1. =.1`"e=i.ev .in'the .efiei Of ihe'lights on the 'control system whilejif on dim, the control system willbe subj'ectedutofl'thelight rather suddrny` i, Still another.: objectllof my invention is to provide a control systemof .the type indicated which 'will function properly even at dawn or dusk since vit is provided with ,meanslforf rendering it less *sensitive at dusk ordawnl which means is affected 'by the partial daylight present at such times and V( :ompensates for 'the efiect'of such daylight.

An additional objectof my invention is to proyide. a control system of the type indicated which is-sensitive to quick'increases in light, such as V,those resulting fronfrtheV approach of a car with either bright or dim lightslb'ut which is not sen- ,sitive to light yof short duration such as would be encountered in connection with .reflected light ffrom objects such as road signs andnthe backs of cars, passing acar equipped with' my system, in the samedirectio'n. i

A further objectof my invention is to provide a control system of. the type indicated which includes a photoelectric'tube alfected by the lights of oncoming cars and avacuum tube amplifying circuit controlled thereby, means being provided for limiting the plate current through the amplifier so that damagewill not result in case the system is subjected to a very strong light, such as 4 sunlight in case the system is on during the daytime.

Still another object of my invention is to provide an automatic control system for headlights which is so designed that as long as it is functioning, the lights of a car equipped with such system cannot remain on brightif another car is approaching with dim lights.

Another object of my invention is to provide such a control system which is so designed that it can be set so that the system will return to bright light condition after being set in dim light condition automatically by the approach of a car, if the oncoming car's lights are not dimmed, or it can be set so that the system will change the lights back and forth from bright to dim, in case the driver of the approaching car does not dim its lights, as a signal to such driver.

Various other objects will be apparent.

According to my invention, I provide an automatic control system for the headlights of a car which is actuated by means of a photoelectric cell suitably positioned on the front of a car where it will be affected by the lights of an oncoming car. The photoelectric cell is connected in circuit with an amplifying circuit which controls a relay switch that, in turn, is selectively operable to energize either the bright light filaments or vthe dim light filaments of the headlights. The amplifying circuit includes an amplifying tube which is Controlled by means of a glow tube that functions to vary the resistance in such circuit and this glow tube is oscillated by means of a condenser in circuit therewith. This glow tube also makes it possible by varying the resistance of the amplifying circuit, to set the relay so that it will either return to bright light position or -will change back and forth from bright to dim position if the photoelectric tube is subjected to 'bright light for long intervals. The grid return part of the circuit is connected to the bright and dim light filament wires in such a manner that the amplifier circuit, when actuated by light on the photoelectric cell, is locked in dim light condition until the light on such cell is terminated suddenly when it is unlocked and returned to bright condition. The condenser in the glow tube circuit and another condenser in the relay circuit will absorb or smooth out the effect of lights of short 'duration which it is desired not to aifect the operation of the system. Associated with the power'suppl'y from the caris power system is a potentiometer which adjusts the sensitivity of the circuit. This potentiometer is supplied with alternating current rather than the usualdirect current by a half-wave rectifier connected' to the 'power receiving tap thereof. Connected to the bias voltage tap thereof is another half-wave rectifier. In addition, a bias filter condenser 'is provided in the bias voltage circuit connected to the vpotentiometer so that daylight on the photoelectric cell can be compensated for because the said condenser will make the system less sensitive when daylight is present on the photoelectric cell.VV The usual manual switch and foot-operated dimmer switch are connected in the circuit in such a manner that the dimmer switch can take over control *of the light filaments at any time and in Ycase of failui'e of the automatic part of the system, the said switches can be used for controlling the lights.

The preferred embodiment of my invention is illustrate'd in the accompaying drawing wherein similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts and wherein:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the vareconnected to electrodes 3d and 3|.

electrical system which I preferalclyv provide for automatically controlling the headlights of Van automobile.

'Figura 2 is a schematic view illustrating how the photoelectric cell of the system is'positioned on thecar.

With reference to the drawing, in Figure 1, I have illustrated my electrical control system and in 'Figure 2 I have illustrated one example of how the photoelectric tube of the system is mounted on the car. The car is provided with the usual headlights 5 and which my system controls. Preferably between the headlights and in a position to be alfected by the lights of the -oncoming car is a housing 'l in which the photoelectric cell it of the system is disposed. This housing may be similar to a headlight and preferably has a lens 8 mounted' at its front side and the reflector which will magnify the effect of the light of the oncoming car onthe tube it. Other arrangements may be provided, the one in Figure 2 being given merely by way of example.

v'The circuit of my control system is illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 1. In this diagram, the photoelectric cell is indicated generally by numeral iii and includes the cathode il and the anode 12. The photoelectric cell is connected in an amplifying circuit which includes the twin triode'tube IS. This tube includes the first stage plate l4 and the second stage plate i; the first stage grid lt and the second stage grid ll; the

'first stage cathode iii and the second stage cathode l9; and the single filament A direct connection 2| is provided between first stage cathode 8 and second stage grid ll. Instead of using ,a twin tube, I may use two single triode tubes or other suitable tubes although the twin triode is preferred. Also, more than two stages of amplification can be used. The plates 54 and |5 of. tube i are connected by branch lines 22 and 23, respectively, to the line 24 which is connected to the anode 12 of the cell iii. The line .trodes and 3! thereof being connected in series in the line. The plates 32 and 33 of a condenser 34 which causes glow tube 2:? to oscillate, are

connected, respectively, by branch lines 35 and 36 to the lines 28. and 28a, respectvely, which The line 28a connects to line tt which leads to one sta- 'tionary contact ti of a relay indicated generally by numeral 38. The line 39 also leads to the -grounded bright light filaments 43 of the car .headlights The second stage cathode lt of tube .stationary contact .ll-il of the relay 38 is connected .by a line 49 to the grounded dim light filaments "58 of the car headlights. v5|, which has the usual adjustable spring as- The relay armatura soclated therewith, is connected by line`52 to 'line 44 ;and to the negative side of the car batvtery 53, the main light switch 54 being interposed LlO in this line-andV the usual-foot-operated dlmmef switch'B-also'being `interposed in this line.. Of course, the battery- 53-wil1 have the usualgenerator associated therewith and it is to be understocd that the showing of the battery is intended to designate generally the low-voltage power source in the car. Battery 53 is Vprovided with-the ground connection 56. Associated with vthe secondary 25 of the transformer, is a potentiometer indicated generally by the numeral 151. Alternating current, rather than the conventional 'direct current, is supplied to the potentiometer. The upper end of the resistance coil 58 of the potentiometer is connected to line-59 at a tap 69 and between this tap and the center of the transformer secondary 25 is a half-wave rectlfier 6| for power voltage filter resistor-62. Line 59 is connected at tap 63 to line -64 and is also connected to relay coil 42. The lower end of the coil 58 is connected by line 65 to the vlower end of the transformer secondary 25. The movable contact arm Et, lassociated with the coil 58, is connected to a bias voltage filter resistor 61 which, in turn, is connected to the vhalf-wave rectifier t8 for bias voltage that is connected to the line 64 at the point 69. The line 64 is connected at one end of the line 24 and at'the other end to the line 49. A condenser TG is interposed in line 'il Whichline runs from line ll and which is conected at tap 12 to line E54 between tap and its connection to line 24. In line 54, between tap 72 and its connection to 'line 24, a plate supply filter condenser '13 is provided. Connected in line 54 between tap 63 and tap' is a bias filter condenser 14.

In the circuit described above, the ground Et for the battery 53 is poSitive. The electrical systems of some makes of cars at the present time do have this arrangement. I-lowever, if

ie electrical system of the car is so arranged that the ground 58 is the negative, my circuit will be changed by connecting wire 54 to wire 39 and wire 23a to wire 4il, other connections remaining as shown.

This circuit will function as follows: When light falls upon the cathode il of the photoelectric cell il), it causes grid EB of the first stage ofainplifier tube |3 to become positive in the known way which, in turn, causes the cathode 13 of the first stage to become positive, although to a less degree than the first stage grid IS. Since the first stage cathode IS and second stage grid il' are directly conected by connection2l, the grid l'l also becomes a positive with respect to the second stage cathode 19. This causes .current to flow between second stage plate [5 and Vsecond stage cathode` |9., through line 4| and current to fiow into line 49 and through the dim headlight filaments 50. It will be noted that the electron Stream between the first stage cathode IB and the filament 20, although of very high resistance, is utilized as a grid leak or resistance for the second stage amplification.

The small glow tube 29 serves as a grid leak or resistor for the first stage amplification, and with no light on the cathode l i of the photoelectric cell in, the voltage on the glow tube is less than that required for it to glow. Under this condition, the resistance of the glow tube is very high and, consequently, causes little load on the photoelectric, cell. I-lcwever, when a given amount of light falls on the cathode ll of the photoelectric cell, the glow tube 29 glows, resulting in a great decrease in resistance of it to a low value. This feature, definitely limits current on plates M and 15, regardless of how much light may fall on the photoelectric cell Ill and, in addition, tends to return grids iii and I'l to standby voltages, due to ionization in the glow tube 29.

It should be noted, that the above feature of limiting plate current is easily obtained in my electrical system, due to the fact that the voltage swing or change on the glow tube 29 is equal to the sum of the voltage changes on both grids IB and l'l. In other words, the glow tube swing or voltage change is equal to the swing or voltage change of the first stage grid it with respect to the second stage cathode |9. This holds true so far as the description of operation of my system up to this point is concerned, although slight deviation may occur under other conditions which will be described below. Also, there is actually a cut-back in glow tube voltage and hence, grid positive voltage, when the glow tube starts to glow and, consequently, a resultinrr cut-back in plate current. This means that the tension of the spring associated with the armature d of relay 38, can be so -adjusted that the armature will return to bright position, where it engages relay contact 31, when enough light falls on the photoelectric cell I to raise the voltage of glow tube 29 to the glow point. Since relay contact 31 is connected to bright light filaments ile by line 39, this fact affords a means of causing the previously automatically dimmed lights to be returned to bright condition, if desired, when the driver of the approaching car does not dim his lights. On the other hand, due to the fact, that condenser 33 causes glow tube 28 to oscillate, an adjustment of the relay spring can be found whereby the lights will change back and forth from bright to dim, in case the approaching driver does not dim his lights. Due to the fact that very high resistance grid leaks are used, the value of the bias voltage used is almost as high as the plate voltage.

As previously indicated, I provide means for locking the amplifying circuit to keep the lights dim .after they once are dimmed by the eifect of the lights of the approaching car, until such car has passed. With my electrical system, two

methods of looking the amplifier are afforded by connecting the grid return circuit to the light lines 39 and 49, as shown. The line tt is connected to the light lines 39 and 6%9 such a way that the voltage of the battery 3 is added to the bias voltage at stand-by or bright light position of 'the relay. A study of this connection will reveal that due to car battery polarity .being reversed in the grid return 'circuit, when relay armatura 5| moves to dim light relay contact 48, the bias voltage is made less by double the voltage of the battery 53, so far as the first grid iii is concerned thus establishing firm relay contact and looking the amplifier to some extent for as long as the relay is in dim light position. The Wire 52, connected to relay arinature 5l, is always negative since it is always connected to the negative side of the battery 53. When relay armature 5| is in contact with relay contact 31, the line 39 is obviously negative and the line ei] is positive due to the fact that it is grounded through the dim headlight filaments 50. On the other hand, when relay armature 5! is in contact with relay contact 48, the line 49 is negative and the line 39 is positive due to the fact that it is grounded through the bright headlight filaments 40. So

far as the bias voltage change, due to relay contact shift, on the second stage grid leak (electron stream between filament 20 and cathode |8) is concerned, the line 52 is always negative and is the same potential with respect to filament 20, the only change of bias voltage on the second stage grid leak (electron stream between filament Z and cathode |8), so far as it is caused by relay 'contact shift, since the change in the line 39 is eliminated, is equal to the change in potential of the line 49, total change being equal to car battery Voltage.

It is to be understood that due to Very high resistance grid leaks, the voltage change on the grids l and il, due to relay contact shift, is much less than the above-mentioned bias voltage change. In addition to this, there is a positive voltage surge on the grids, which is equal to twice the car battery voltage on the first grid, -but which is of short duration, lasting only until the condenser 32, connected to glow tube 29, can change its potential. Although this voltage surge is of short duration, its effect is of longer duration, due to ionization in tube |3 and rather intense magnetic fiux created in relay coil 42 and current stored in condenser 70. When light on the photoelectric cell il) is terminated, these two looking processes work in reverse as soon as relay armature 5! starts to return to contact 31 or bright light position, thus aifording a clean quick contact shift.

Although the reflected light, from road signs and backs of cars passing a car, equipped with my dimmer system, in the same direction and acting on the photoelectric cell l'i might be intense enough to operate the dimmer system, it acts on the cell for only short intervals of time, and consequently, the condensers 3d and 'z' will absorb or smooth out the effects of such light and thus avoid dimrning from such causes.

As previously indicated, the bias voltage output section of the power supply is unusual in that alternating current, rather than the conventional direct current, is supplied to the potentiometer 51. The high resistance of the potentiometer causes some load on the transforiner 26 during the unused half of each A. C. cycle, thereby contributing to a Smoother bias voltage. It should be noted that the upper end of the potentiometer coil 58 is connected to the center of the transformer secondary 25 through rectifier 58 only during the unused half of the cycle, the only connection on the used half of the cycle being through plate supply filter 'condenser 13. As the light on the photoelectric cell Iil and hence the plate current increases, the plate voltage dropsp due to voltage drop of rectifier 6! and resistor 82. This causes an increase in bias Voltage with an increase in plate current. This bias voltage increase lags behind the plate current increase, due to the time it takes bias filter condenser 14 to charge and, therefore, aifects sensitivity Very little. However, the increased bias Voltage, at the time of passing the on'coming car, assures a quick return of bright lights, due to the fact that light on the photoelectric cell 10 is terminated rather suddenly before sufficient time has elapsed to permit bias condenser lt to discharge and lower bias voltage.

An exception to the above statement regarding Very little sensitivity change would occur at dusk or dawn. In that case, the bias filter condenser 14 would have time to assume the potential of the potentiometer 51 with the following result: Due to some daylight on the photoelectric cell,

thezstand-by:plate-current would. be higher than at night andhen'cefplate voltage would be lower, whichwould result inzhigher stand-by bias voltage as explained above. The higher stand-by blas voltage would make' the' dinimer system less Sensitive to light and thereby compensate for the effect of daylight. This would result in thedimmer system properly functioning at dusk or dawn When otherwise it-would simply hold lights on dim.:

Duestoth'e.factthatthe systemis more sensitive toA moderately. quick increases in light than toslow,increases,the.distance'from an approachingz car. at= which .the system ,willjfunction vto dim the lights, remains reasonably uniform regardless of whether the approaching lights are on dim or on bright. Obviously, if the lights of the approaching car are on bright, the photoelectric cell IO is subjected to a rather gradual increase in light, while if such lights are on dim, the photoelectric cell comes into the beam rather suddenly.

In case of failure of the dimmer system, full control of the lights is automatically returned to manual switch 54. or foot-operated switch 55.

With the dimmer system as shown, no current is consumed when dimmer switch 55 is in dimming position. This feature permits conservation of battery power when driving with lights on dim for long periods of time, such as in large cities. In other words, when the lights are dimmed with the usual manual or foot-operated switch, the automatic dimmer system is disconnected.

In no case will the lights of a car equipped with this diinmer system which is properly functioning, be lrept on bright, if another car is approaching with dim lights.

Although I have described my dimmer system, as controllingr bright and dim light filaments, it should be understood that it can control other types of lighting circuits including different means selectively variable to provide either dim or bright illumination on the road, for example, a lighting circuit wherein both sets of filaments are of the same brightness but there is a difference in direction of the light beams from the two sets of fllaments.

It will be apparent from the above description that I provided a simple and inexpensive headlight control system which is actuated automatically to effectively control the headlights in accordance with the condition of the lights of an approachin,r car. Although, the system is electrical and is actuated by the power system of a car equipped therewith, it uses a minimum amount of current and will not be an excessive drain in the limited available power of the electrical system of the car. Many advantages of my automatic control system have been discussed above and others will be apparent.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim is:

1. An electrical system including a circuit having means for obtaining both dim and bright illumination, means in said circuit for selecting either the dim or the bright illumination, means in said circuit for controlling said selecting means, said means including a photoelectric cell connected in the circuit and an automatically.7 variable electrical resistance connected to said photoelectric cell in said circuit, said resistance being a glow tube which decreases in effect when light falls on said photoelectric cell.

2. An electrical system according to claim 1 whereina -condenserds connected in circuit with theglowtube for causing it to oscillate.

3. .Anelectricalsystem 4according to claim 2 wherein the illumination selecting means comprises a relay connected in said circuit.

4. Anelectric'al system according to claimf'4 Wherein said relaylhas adjustable means connected'therewith tending to hold it in bright position and-'wherein amplifying means is connected :inilthe circuit between 'said photoelectric cell and said relay.

5.;An electrical` system according' to claim 4 wherein therarmatm'e of the relay `is connected to*oneiterrninaliofsa.power source and the bright and dim llumination means are connected to the contacts of the relay, said armature being also connected to the amplifying means, one of said contacts being connected to the glow tube, and a pote'ntiometer connected to the other of said contacts and to said amplifying means.

6. An electrical system including means for obtaining both dim and bright illumination, a relay in said circuit for selecting either the dim or the bright illumination, said relay including a pair of contacts connected to the dim and bright illuminating means and an armature movable between said contacts, said circuit including a power supply and an amplifier, a light sensitive tube connected in said amplifying circuit for controlling said relay, said relay armature being connected to the power supply and to said amplifier, one of said relay contacts being connected to one side of said light Sensitive tube and the other of said relay contacts being connected to the other side of said tube and to said power supply.

'7. An electrical circuit according to claim 6 wherein a glow tube is connected in the circuit between said first-named relay contact and said light-sensitive tube.

8. An electrical system comprising a circuit including means for obtaining both dim and bright illumination, a relay in said circuit for sele-cting either the dim or the bright illumination, said relay including a pair of contacts connected to the dim and bright illuminating means and an armature movable between said contacts, means for controlling said armature and including a photoelectric cell and an amplifier tube of the twin triode type, a line connecting the cathode of the photoelectric tube with one of said relay contacts and having a branch line connecting said cathode with the first stage grid of said tube, a line connecting said relay armature to one terminal of a battery and a branch line connecting said armature to the filament of said tube, a line connecting said armatura with the primary of a transformer, a line connecting one end of the secondary of the transformer to the anode of said photoelectric cell and having branch lines connecting it to the plates of said tube, a potentiorneter having a coil and a movable contact, one end of the coil being connected to the other end of said secondary and the other end of the coil being connected to the center of said secondary by means of a half-wave rectifier, a line connecting the second contact of the relay with the line which leads from the transformer secondary to the anode of said cell, a branch line leading from the movable potentiometer contact and connectingto the said line leading from the second relay contact and having a half-wave rectifier interposed therein, said second relay contact line having a pair of condensers inter- Vposed therein, a branch line leading from the end of said potentiometer coil which is connected to the center of the secondary and tapping said second relay contact line between said condensers and leading on to the second stage cathode of saidtube, and a condenser.v connected to said branch line and to the second relay contact line between said tap and itsv connection to the line leading 4'from the transformer secondary to said cell anode.

9;'An electrical system according to claim 8 wherein a glow tube is Vinterpcsed in the line connecting said cell cathode with said first relay 12 contact, and a condenser for oscillating said glow tube connected to the electrodes thereof.

WILLIAM E. DOLE, Ja.

5 REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 10 Number Name Date 2,219,9'76 Berg, Jr. Oct. 29, 1940 2,431,394 Friedman Nov. 25, 1947 2,476,389 Schmidt, Jr July 19, 1949 2,493,307 Moore et al Jan. 3, 1950 Certificate of Correcton Patent No. 2,507,436 May 9, 1950 WILLIAM E. DOLE, JR.

It is hereby oertified that error appears in the printed speofication of the above numbered patent requirng correotion as follows:

Colulnn 10, line 6, for the olam reference numeral 4" read 3;

and that the said Letters Patent should bo read as correoted above, so that the same may conform to the record of the case n the Patent Ofiioe. Signed and sealed this 17th day of October, A. D. 1950.

[sEAL] THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant ommssz'oner of Patents.

Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,507,436 May 9, 1950 WILLIAM' E. DOLE, JR.

It is hereby certfied that'error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 10, line 6, for the claim reference numeral 4" read 3 and that the said Letters Patent should be read as corrected above, so that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice. Signed and sealed this 17th day of October, A. D. 1950.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant 'ommz'ssoner of Patents. 

